ေαြေαΎαးျαα
္ေαααာαုံα‘α်α₯္း
ေαြေαΎαးαုိαာ αΎαားαံαဲαွα္ေαးαα
α₯α္း (medium of exchange) αα
္αုျαα
္αါαα္။ ααα»ာα₯ီးα‘α
ေαြေαΎαး αေαααα္α αူαားေαြαာ αူααα
α₯α္းαဲα αုိα့္αα
α₯α္း αုိα္αုိα္αဲαွα္αΎααါαα္။ α₯ααာα‘ားျαα့္ αΎαα္αုိα္αွα္ αာ ေျαာα္းαူးαုိα်α္αဲ့α‘αါ ေျαာα္းαူးαွိαူαံαွာ αΎαα္ αဲαေျαာα္းαူးαုိ αူαုိαα‘α်α္းα်α္း αေαာαူ αα္αွα္αား αဲ့αα္း (αုိαααုα္) α‘αီα‘αွ်α်ိα္αြα္αဲ့αα္းαဲα αဲαူαါαα္။ αΎαα္αဲαα‘ေαးα်ိα္αဲααီαွ်αဲ့ ေျαာα္းαူးα‘ေαα‘αြα္αာ ႏွα
္α₯ီးႏွα
္αα္α‘αြα္ α‘αα္ေျα αါαα္။ αါေααα့္ ႏြားαုိα္αွα္α ေျαာα္းαူးαုိα်α္αဲ့α‘αါα်ေαာ့ ႏြားαဲαα‘ေαးα်ိα္α‘αုိα္းေαးαုိα ေျαာα္းαူး ααွိαα္αΏαα
္ေα
၊ αွိαဲ့αα္αα္း ႏြားαုိα္αွα္α‘αြα္ α
ားαေαာα္ေα‘ာα္ αုိαွ်ံေααွာျαα
္αဲ့ α‘αြα္ ႏွα
္α₯ီးႏွα
္αα္α‘αα္αေျαေαာ့αါαူး။ ႏြားαုိα္αွα္ααα္း αူαုိα်α္αဲ့ ေျαာα္းαူး α‘ေαα‘αြα္αဲα α‘ေαးα်ိα္α‘αုိα္း ႏြားαုိ αုα္αα
္αုိα္းျαα္ေαးαုိα αျαα
္ႏုိα္ျαα္αူး။ αီα‘αါ ႏြားαုိα္αွα္ αာ ေα်ာα္αံααၱျαားαွိαူαံαွာ ႏြားα‘ေαးα်ိα္α‘αုိα္း αြားαဲαါαα္။ ααာαဲ့ ေα်ာα္αံ ααၱျαားαဲα αူαုိα်α္αဲ့ေျαာα္းαူးα‘ေαα‘αြα္αဲαα‘ေαးα်ိα္α‘αုိα္း αဲαူαါαα္။ αီαုိαဲα ေαႊေαြေα်ာα္αံααၱျαားေαြαုိ αဲαွα္ေαးαα
α₯α္းα‘ျαα
္ αုံးα
ြဲαာαΎααါαα္။ αα
္α
αα
္α
αα₯္ေα်းαာαာαဲαα‘αွ် ေαႊααၤါး၊ ေαြααၤါး (coins) ေαြ αြα္းαုα္αΏαီး αုံးα
ြဲαာαΎααါαα္။ ေαာα္αုိα္း αွာ ေαြα
αၠဴ (paper money) ေαြαုα္αုα္ αုံးα
ြဲαာαΎααာ αေααα‘αိ αါαဲ။ ေαြေαΎαးαုိ ေαααα
္αု၊ ႏုိα္αံαα
္ႏုိα္αံαဲα αΎαြα္ααႈေααα‘ေျααံαΏαီး αα္ααα္α်α္ (limit) αဲα αုα္αုα္ααါαα္။ ႏုိα္αံαα
္αု၊ ေαααα
္αုαဲα αΎαြα္ααႈαုိ ေαααြα္း ααံαာα၊ αုိααုα္αြα္းαုα္ (αုိαααုα္) ေαာα္းαုိα‘ား αα္αုိα‘ား α₯αေαα (supply and demand law) αဲα αုိα္းαာαါαα္။ αီαΎαြα္ααႈαာ ေαြေαΎαးαဲα αα္းျαα
္ (resource) ျαα
္αါαα္။ ႏုိα္αံαα
္ႏုိα္αံαဲα αΎαြα္ααႈαα္ αုိαΏαီး ေαြေαΎαးαုိαုα္αုα္αα္ ေαြေαΎαးေαာα္းαြαႈျαα
္ေαααာαါαα္။ αေααေαα္αွာ cryptocurrency (Digital money) αုိα ေαα္ေျαာα္းαာေααΏαီျαα
္αါαα္။
Cryptocurrency (Digital money)
Cryptocurrency αဲα α‘α
αာ Bitcoin ျαα
္αါαα္။ αါေααα့္ Bitcoin αေαααα္α α
α₯ီး Digital money α‘ျαα
္ E-Gold (1996) α‘αα္ေαααါαα္။ ေαာα္ေαာ့ Hacker ေαြαုိα္αုိα္αံααΏαီး ေα်ာα္αြα္ αြားαါαα္။ αူαေαာα္αွာ Digital Money αဲα‘α်ဳံးαα္αဲ့ Web Money (1998) (αုαိαွα္αα္αဲ), Liberty Reserve (2006) (α₯αေααဲααိαုိααုိαΏαီး α်α္αိα္းαံα), Perfect Money (2007) (αα္αွိα‘α်ိα္αိ) αုိαα‘αီးαီး αြα္ေαααါαα္။
Bitcoin (the gold)
Bitcoin αုိ Satoshi Nakamoto ေαα α‘αα္αα္းααိ၊ αα္αူαွα္းααိαဲ့ α်αα္αူα်ဳိး programmer αုိαααုα္ programmer α်ားα‘αြဲαα 2008 αုႏွα
္ ေα‘ာα္αုိαာ 31 αွာ C++ language αဲα ေαးαားαဲ့αΏαီး 2009 αα္ααါαီαွာ Open-source α‘ျαα
္ αြα့္α်ေαးαဲ့αါαα္။ αုα်ိα္αိ Satoshi Nakamoto αို αα္αူαွα္းααိαΎααါαူး။ αူαာ α်αα္αူα်ဳိးျαα
္αΏαီး 5.4.1975 αုႏွα
္αွာ ေαြးαြားαဲ့αာေαာα္αဲ αိαΎααါαα္။ αူ (αုိαααုα္) αူαုိααဲα αα္းααာαုိ open-source α်ေαးαုိα္αဲ့α‘αြα္ Bitcoin αုိ αα္αူαွ αα
္α₯ီးαα္းαူαုိα္ αိα္းα်ဳα္αြα့္ααွိေαာ့αဲ ααα»ာα‘ႏွαံ αြα္αα္α
ြာα်α္ျαα္ααာေα
αါαα္။
Bitcoin mining (Bitcoin αုိ αုα္αုα္ျαα္း)
Bitcoin αုိ αုိα္းαူးျαα္းျαα
္α
α₯္αဲα αြα္αွိေα
αါαα္။ Bitcoin mining αုိαာ network αုံαΏαဳံေαး၊ ေαြαႊဲေျαာα္းαႈ (transaction) αုα္αα္းα
α₯္α‘αြα္ αြα္α်α္αႈα
ြα္းα‘ား α‘αုံးျαဳျαα္းαဲα α
αα
္α‘αြα္း αူေαြ αα
္αΏαိဳα္αα္း double αုα္ေαာα္αႈαုိ αိα္းေαးျαα္းαုိααုိαါαα္။ αုိα္းαူးျαα္းαုိααα္αႊα္းαာααα္း ျαα္ααွာααα္αုိα္းαူးαုံαဲααူαုိαျαα
္αα္။
ျαα္ααွာ ααα္αုိα္းαူးαာα်ဳိးααုα္αဲ Computer, Hardware, Software ေαြαဲα Bitcoin αုိ αုိα္းαူးေα
αါαα္။ α‘ဲ့αီ hardware, software ေαြαာ αုိα္းαူးααား (miner) ေαြျαα
္αါαα္။ (Bitcoin Mining α
α္ေαာα္αားαဲ့αူαုိα္းαုိ Bitcoin Miner αုိα α‘αြα္ေααေααα့္ αီေααာαွာေαာ့ Bitcoin Mine Owner αုိααွα္αားαါ။) ααα့္ေαာααွာ αုိα္းαူးααား(αူ)ေαြ αုိα္းαူးαα္ ေαႊ၊ ααၱဳ αα
္αုံးα
ႏွα
္αုံးα
αααုိ Bitcoin miner ေαြαွာα Block αα
္αုံးα
ႏွα
္αုံးα
ααါαα္။ ααာαဲ့ Block αα
္αုαုိ 50 Bitcoins ႏႈα္းααဲ α
αြα္ေα
αါαα္။ Block ေαါα္း 210,000 ျαα့္αုိα္း Bitcoin αα
္αα္ေα်ာ့α်αာαါαα္။ α₯ααာ- Block ေαါα္း 210,000 ေαာα္αဲ့α‘αိ Block αα
္αုαုိ 50 Bitcoins ႏႈα္းေαးαါαα္။ 210,001 αα
αΏαီး Block αα
္αုαုိ 25 Bitcoins αာ αုα္ေαးαါαα္။ αီαုိαဲα Block ေαြα်ားαာαုိα္း αျαα္းျαα္းေα်ာ့αာαΏαီး ေαာα္αုံး Bitcoin Zero ျαα
္αြားαါαα္။ α‘αα
္ααုα္ႏုိα္ေαာ့αါαူး။ Block αα
္αုေαြααွိαုိα α်α္းαွ် 10 αိαα
္αα္αွα္αားαါαα္။ αါαုိαα္ α်α္းαွ်α‘ားျαα့္ Block αα
္αုα‘αြα္ Bitcoin ααွိαႈႏႈα္းαာ α ႏွα
္αွာαα
္ααိα္ αα
္αα္ႏႈα္း ေα်ာ့α်αာαα္။ July 2016 αα
αΏαီး Block αα
္αုαုိ 12.5 Bitcoin αာααွိေαာ့αα္။
αုိα္းαူးααား(αူ)ေαြα်ားαα္ ေαႊ၊ ααၱဳေαြ ျαα္ျαα္αဲαα်ားα်ားαααုိ Bitcoin miner α်ားαα္ block ေαြ ျαα္ျαα္αဲαα်ားα်ားααါαα္။ Bitcoin miner α‘ေαα‘αြα္αာ Mining Power ေαααွာαူαα္αါαα္။ Mining Power αုိ α
α္αွာαα္αα္αားαဲ့ CPU (Central Processing Unit), GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) ααာαေαααူαα္αΏαီး Hash rate αဲα αုိα္းαာαါαα္။ Bitcoin miner ေαြα်ားαာαဲ့α‘αါ Block αα
္αုαုိ 10 αိαα
္αα္ေα
ာαΏαီး ျαα္ျαα္ေαြααာαα္ Bitcoin difficulty α
αα္αါαα္။ (ျαα္ααွာαα္းαဲ αိုα္းαုα္αားα်ားαုိα ျαα္ျαα္αြα္αွိαဲ့α‘αါ αုိα္းαူးααα္αာααုိေαါ့။) Bitcoin difficulty α
αα္αဲ့α‘αါ Block ေαြααွိαႈ ေႏွးαြားαΏαီး Block αα
္αု 10 αိαα
္ႏႈα္းαုိ ျαα္ေαာα္αာαါαα္။ αΏαီးαα္ αα
္αα္ looping αα္αα္αါαα္။ αီαုိαα္းαဲα Bitcoin αုိ α‘αြα္ααူ ααြα္αွိေα‘ာα္ looping αα္αားαါαα္။ αုိα္းαူးαုံαေαာααားα‘αုိα္းαါαဲ။ αါေαΎαာα့္αα္း αူααုိ crypto-gold αုိααα္α
ားေααေαααါαα္။
α‘α
αေျαာαဲ့ααုိ ေαြေαΎαးαုိαာ αΎαားαံαဲαွα္ေαးαα
α₯α္း ျαα
္αဲ့α‘αြα္ ေαြေαΎαးαα္းျαα
္αုိαာαွိα αါαα္။ αီαα္းျαα
္αဲααီαွ်αဲ့ ေαြေαΎαးαုိαဲ αုα္αြα့္αွိαα္။ α‘αα
္αုα္αြα့္ααွိαူး။ global currency ျαα
္αဲ့ Bitcoin αာ ααα»ာα‘αα္αα္α paper money (or) hard money αေα digital money (or) soft money α‘ျαα
္αုိ ေျαာα္းαဲေα
α်α္αာျαα
္αဲ့α‘αြα္ ααα»ာα‘αα္αα္αဲα αုိααုα္αြα္းαုα္ (αုိαααုα္) ေαာα္းαုိα‘ားαα္αုိα‘ား α‘ေααα‘ေျααံαΏαီး Bitcoin α‘αα
္αြα္αွိαြα့္ 21 αီαီαံ αα္αွα္ေαးαားαါαα္။ α‘αွα္ααα္αွိαဲ့ αα္းျαα
္αာ Bitcoin αြα္αွိαဲ့ααာααα္αα္းαဲ့α‘αါ Bitcoin αα္αုိးα်αα္၊ ေαာα္းαြαα္။ αα္းျαα
္αα်ားαာαα္ Bitcoin αα္αုိးαα္αα္။ αါαါαဲ။
Bitcoin αုိ α
αြα္ေα
αဲ့α‘αါ Mining Power ေαααူαα္αΏαီး αြα္α်α္αြα္αွိေα
αα္။ Mining Power ျαα့္ေα Miner α်ားေαျαα
္ααုိ Mining α
α္αဲα αα္αုိးααα္း ျαα့္αα္ေαျαα
္αာ αါαα္။ ေαြေαΎαးαေαာααားα‘α Bitcoin αုိαα္း αွိαΏαီးαား ေαြေαΎαးαဲααဲαူααွာျαα
္αုိα α
α္αဲααα္αုိးα‘αြα္ αုံးαုိα္ααဲ့ ေαြα‘αα္းα‘ႏွီးαုိ αα္းျαα
္α‘ျαα
္αူαΏαီး coin α‘ေαα‘αြα္αုိ αြα္α်α္ αြα္αွိေα
αα္။ Bitcoin software αေαာ့ ေαြααာααα္ေαာα္αုိαာ ααိαါαူး။ αူααုိαုိα္းေα
αားαဲ့α‘αုိα္း Mining power ေαααူαα္αΏαီး αုα္ေαးαွာျαα
္αα္။ α₯ααာ- α
α္αα္αုိးαာ $1000 ျαα
္αα္ α‘ဲ့αီ $1000 α
α္αဲα Mining power α‘αုိα္ coin α‘ေαα‘αြα္αုိ αြα္αွိေα
αွာျαα
္αα္။ αααα₯ီးαုံးαြα္αာαဲ့ coin α‘ေαα‘αြα္αာ $1000 αဲααီαွ်αα္ αုိα ေααူα်αူαႏုိα္αα္။
Program ေαးαြဲαားαဲ့ looping α‘αုိα္း Bitcoin difficulty ျαα
္α
α₯္αုိ ေαာα္αဲ့α‘αါ Bitcoin αြα္αွိαႈ ေႏွးαြား၊ αα္αြားαα္။ ααα့္ေαာααုိα္းαြα္းαွာ ေαႊ၊ ααၱဳေαြ αα္းαြား αုα္αြားααုိေαါ့။ αုိα္းαုα္αားေαြααွိαာαဲ့ ေαႊေαြαုိ αုိα္းαုိα္αွα္αုααΈαီ (Mine owner) αုိααြα္းαΏαီး Mine owner αာ ααွိαာαဲ့ ေαႊ၊ ααၱဳေαြαုိ αူααဲαα‘αα္းα‘ႏွီး၊ αုံးα
ြဲααဲ့α‘α်ိα္၊ αုα္α်α
αိα္ေαြαဲα αြα္α်α္αΏαီး αα္αုိးαα္αွα္αာ ေα
်းαြα္αုိααα္။ αီαုိαေαာα‘αုိα္း Bitcoin Mine owner ေαြα αα္း αြα္αွိαာαဲ့ coin ေαြαုိ ααα₯ီးαα္αုိး αα္αွα္αΏαီး ေα
်းαြα္αိုααဲ့α‘αါ ေαာα္αα္ေαြ α‘αα္းα‘ျαα
္ေαြαဲα αဲαူαΎααဲ့α‘αြα္ αα္αုိα‘ားαα္αာαΏαီး Bitcoin αα္αုိးαα္း αုိα္αα္αာαα္။
Bitcoin α‘αα
္αြα္αွိαႈျαα
္α
α₯္ ေαာα္αα
္αα္ αα
αα်α္း αα္αုိα‘ားေαာα္းαုိα‘ားေαααူαα္αΏαီး Bitcoin αα္αုိး α‘αα္α‘α်ျαα
္ေαααာαα္။ Bitcoin α‘αα
္αြα္αွိαႈျαα
္α
α₯္ αα
ေαးαဲ့α‘αါ Mine owner ေαြαာ user α‘α်α္းα်α္း ေαြေαးေαြαူαႈ (transaction) ေαΎαာα့္ျαα
္ေαααာαဲ့ Block ေαြαို ေျααွα္းα်ိα္αα္ေαးα၊ αြα္αα္αုိ αိα္းαိα္းေαးααဲ့α‘αြα္ Blockchain network αွααα့္ αα္ေαာα္αα‘ျαα
္ αွိαΏαီးαား Bitcoin αေαျαα္αα္ααွိαα္။ Bitcoin α‘αα
္αြα္αွိαႈျαα
္α
α₯္ျαα္α
αဲ့α‘αါαα္းαဲ Bitcoin α‘αα
္αα္းααα္၊ ေαြα‘αႊဲα‘ေျαာα္းေαΎαာα့္ αα္ေαာα္ααα္းααα္။ αီα‘αါ Bitcoin αα္αုိးαα္း α‘αုိα္α‘ေα်ာα္α် αα္။ ျαα္αေαာα αဲα ေαြေαΎαးαံααာαα္αုံαေαာααားα‘αုိα္းαါαဲ။
Ethereum (the gas or ether: crypto-fuel)
Ethereum αုိ crypto-fuel αုိα αα္α
ားေααေαααါαα္။ αူααဲα αူααα္းျαα
္αာ ေααံႏွα့္ααာα αါα္ေαြαေαာα္းαα္αႈေαααွာ α‘ေျααံαားαါαα္။ αါေαΎαာα့္αဲ αူααုိ ေααံαူးေαာ္ျαα္းျαα့္αုα္αါαα္ αုိα α‘αြα္ေျαာαဲ့αါαα္။ Ethereum αုိ α‘αα္ αα ႏွα
္αာαွိေαးαဲ့ αုαွားαူα်ဳိး programmer Vitalik Buterin (αα
္ααα
္ αုααα္) αွ C++, Go, Rust α
αဲ့ programming language α်ားαဲα ေαးαားαါαα္။ Bitcoin Blockchain αα္းααာαုိα‘ေျααံαΏαီး αူααα္αုိေαာα္းαဲ့ Ethereum Blockchain αုိ ေαးαားαါαα္။ Bitcoin Blockchain α αြα္αα္α
ြာေαြေαးေα်αႈαα
္αုαα္းαုိαဲ α‘ာαုံα
ုိα္αားαΏαီး Ethereum Blockchain α Smart contract ေαြαွာαါ α်ိα္αα္αုိααေα‘ာα္၊ α‘αာα‘ားαုံး decentralized ျαα
္ေα‘ာα္ ေαးαားαားαါαα္။ Smart Money α‘ျαα
္ αုα္ေαာα္ေα
αုိαေαါ့။ Smart contract αုိαာ αူα‘α်ားαα္αွိαα္းႏွီးေααΎααΏαီျαα
္αဲ့ Smart card, Smart phone ေαြαုိ αားαα္αα္ αွα္းျααုိααုိαα္ααα္αါαူး။ αုိα္αုိα္ေျααွα္းαုံးျαα္αΏαီး α‘αုိα‘ေα်ာα္ αုα္ေαာα္ေα
αဲ့ αα္းααာαါ။ αီαα္းααာαုံးαားαဲ့ α
α္ေαြ၊ application ေαြαဲαα်ိα္αα္αုိα Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) αုိ ေαးαားαားαΏαီးျαα
္αα္။ αီ EVM αုိ α
α္αဲαြα္းαုိα္αုံαဲα Ethereum network αဲ α‘αုိα‘ေα်ာα္α်ိα္αα္αြားေα
αွာျαα
္αα္။ αူααဲα Ecosystem α‘ေαΎαာα္းαုိ
αီαα့္αွာ αွα္းျααΏαီးαါαΏαီ။ Ethereum αုိαα္း Bitcoin αုိ αုိα္းαူးျαα္းျαα
္α
α₯္αဲα αြα္αွိေα
αါαα္။ αါေααα့္ Bitcoin αုိ αူαုိα္း αုိα္းαူးαုိαααြα္αါαူး။ Ethereum αုိ 2013 αွာေαးαြဲαΏαီး 2015 ေαာα္ααွ relase αုα္αဲ့ေααα့္ αူαα‘αα္αြα္αွိႏွα့္αဲ့ cyptocurrency ေαြαုိ αာေαΎαာα့္ေα်ာ္αα္αာαဲ့ααဲ။ α‘ေျαααွα္းαါαα္။ αူααဲα αα္းျαα
္ေαΎαာα့္αါαဲ။
αီαုိ ေαြေαΎαးαေαာααားαုိαားαα္αα္ ေαြေαΎαးαုိαာ α‘αα
္αα္αီးαΏαီး αုα္α်α္αုိα္း αုα္αုိα ααေαΎαာα္း αားαα္αါαα္။ α‘αု cryptocurrency ေαြ αα္αြα္α်α္α‘α်ဳိးα်ဳိးαဲα α‘αွ်ဳိαွ်ဳိαြα္αာαΎα αα္။ ေα
်းαြα္ααွိေαးαဲ့ coin ေαြαα္း αုα္ေααΎααα္။ αူαုိαα‘ားαုံးαဲαα‘ေျααံαα္းျαα
္α Bitcoin αဲ။ ေαာα္αုိα္းαွာေαာ့ Ethereum system αုိα‘ေျααံαဲ့ coin ေαြαြα္αာαα္။ Ethereum ααα္းαဲ Bitcoin αုိ α‘ေျααံαားααာαါαဲ။
α‘αာα‘ားαုံးαာ ေαာα္းαုိα‘ားαα္αုိα‘ားေαααွာ αα္းျαα
္αူαΎααာαွα္ေααα့္ αူαုံးα်ားαဲ့ αα္းျαα
္ ααာ αူေαြαုိ αုိαုိαြဲေαာα္ႏုိα္αိα့္αα္။ αူေαြαုိαုိαα္αံαုံးα
ြဲαာαα္αုိαဲ αီေαြေαΎαးαာ global currency α‘αုိαုိျαα
္αြားαွာαဲ။ Bitcoin αာ α‘αα္αွားαုံး α₯ααာျαα
္αα္။ MLM αုိ αူα်ားαာေα‘ာα္ αα္αုံးေαးαΏαီး αုိα္αြα္ေαα
αာααုိαူး။ αါαုိαα္ ေαာα္αြα္αာαဲ့ coin ေαြαွာ αူαုိααဲα Ecosystem αုိαΎαα့္αΏαီး αီ ေαြေαΎαးαုိ αα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαုိα α‘α်ဳိးα‘ျαα္ျαα္ααား၊ αΎαာααား၊ αုံးαႈံးαြားααား αြဲျαα္းα
ိα္ျαာႏုိα္αါαα္။
________________________________________
ref : many resources
written : bitcoin seeker
